Dynamix, Inspiring Vivacious Adventurer (DIVA) - 1172 Words

Dynamic Inspiring Vivacious Adventurer (D.I.V.A) Who is Meredith? This adventure began a long time ago with a quiet young naà ¯ve girl, who was unclear of who she was and what her purpose was on Earth. Young D.I.V.A is a girl that wanted to please everyone and be liked by all. In the beginning of her path she encountered many different individuals who mistook her kindness for weakness and these people set out to abuse their privileges by trying to use this unselfish girl. As time passed and many obstacles and challenges presented themselves the choices that were made were often not the best ones. As a child, young D.I.V.A, would befriend others and try to make their lives much easier by providing to them whatever they felt they needed to be happy. Toys, clothing, food from her parents’ house would be given to the children in the neighborhood that she played with. Little did I know that I was already on my path to becoming who I was meant to be? Attending Catholic school from elementary to high school helped to shape and mold young D.I.V.A. I was taught how to love and help total strangers, pray for the sick and give unconditionally. I began a relationship with God and as it started to strengthen, then I became afraid and scared not understanding what was happening, I fell from grace. I turned from Christ, stopped praying and believing, soon I ventured down the wrong path. When I was lost, I did do things that was not acceptable,

Should The State Of Texas Legalize Marijuana - 1812 Words

Wilson Hamilton Tommy Collins English 5 May 2016 Should The State Of Texas Legalize Marijuana? Legalizing marijuana has been a topic of debate for centuries. In fact, the sale of marijuana has been regulated since the 16th century. Although the U.S. changed their policy on marijuana since that time, legalization is still a topic amongst lawmakers within America. Many want to legalize medicinal marijuana because it is an effective treatment for illnesses, while others oppose the legalization of recreational marijuana because it is a drug that causes the user to become stoned which can lead to impaired judgement and other consequences. Because the consequences of smoking marijuana outweigh the benefits, the state of Texas should only legalize marijuana for medicinal purposes. Marijuana is a schedule I substance, meaning that it has the potential for abuse and no accepted medical treatment options in the United States. Already, twenty-four states have legalized some form of cannabis. The majority of those states have just legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes; however recrea tional marijuana is fully legal in Alaska, Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and the District of Columbia. In Texas, it is illegal to possess, sell, transport, and grow marijuana. According to the Texas Controlled Substance Act, possession of 2oz or less of marijuana is a misdemeanor with a jail sentence of up to 180 days. However, Texas officials are now working to create a framework for theShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1308 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is a drug that is illegal in forty-eight of the fifty states in America, including Texas. Some people argue for the benefits that come from Marijuana such as, medical factors which include Diabetes and Obesity. It would also allow the State and National government control over the drug production, sale, and price. There is also opposing views that legalizing of Marijuana would be a bad thing. They say there are several negative consequences if the state of Texas were to legalize the drugRead MoreLegalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use926 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing Marijuana in Texas for Recreational Use The well known debate over the legalization of marijuana for recreational use in The United States has been ongoing since 1935. Recently Colorado and Washington have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational use. By doing so, the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana has become more of an issue than it already was and now brings other states to question whether or not they should legalize marijuana (Breecher). Which brings aboutRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana And Cbd Oil Blurring Employers Drug Policies870 Words   |  4 PagesLegalization of Medical Marijuana and CBD Oil Blurring Employers’ Drug Policies? How Should Your Company Respond? In 1996, Brandon Coats was a normal sixteen-year-old boy whose life changed when he was a passenger in a vehicle that struck a tree. Coats’ spine was irreparably damaged. The accident paralyzed over 80 percent of his body, and he has suffered from severe involuntary muscle spasms and seizures for the past twenty years. Brandon Coats also now has a prescription for medical marijuana to combat theseRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1341 Words   |  6 PagesOn the other end of the spectrum, many frequent marijuana users are against legalization for the many constraints it will place on their use. The way the states have been regulating the drug disallows anyone under twenty-one to obtain the drug, even for medical needs, and it hinders their ability to drive while the drug is in their system (Evergreen). The stipulations concerning driving will cause inconveniencies for frequent users due to the variations of time in which the drug stays in a person’sRead MoreRunnin g for Texas Senator1493 Words   |  6 Pages If Jennifer Alvarado was running as a Texas Senator, she would do everything in her capability to defeat her opponents and successfully win the election. In the process of a successful campaign, Jennifer would strive to have an appropriate number of campaign staff; meaning many volunteers as well as a strong consultant and campaign manager to use a wise strategy to win the election. She would raise funds months beforehand to be prepared for the election. Jennifer would contact organizations or groupsRead MoreI. Introduction. In The State Of Texas, If You Receive1427 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction In the state of Texas, if you receive payment for a quarter ounce or less of marijuana, it is considered a ‘Class A’ misdemeanor (Health and Safety Code, 2015, Sec. 481.120.). However, if you deliver a quarter ounce or less of marijuana and do not receive payment, it is a ‘Class B’ misdemeanor (Health and Safety Code, 2015, Sec. 481.120.). It is a state jail felony if you deliver and receive payment for more than a quarter ounce but less than five pounds. If the amount exceeds fiveRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1082 Words   |  5 PagesLegalization of Marijuana Marijuana has always been a major topic on War on Drugs, either to let it stay illegal or to decide whether to legalize it. Marijuana can give off deadly or fatal actions that could to harm toward the user or those around the user. While also marijuana can be a help to the economic problems that America faces today. The Hawaii State Government should legalize marijuana because it is a non-addictive substance, it has the potential to increase tax revenue, and there are medicalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Banned?1477 Words   |  6 Pagesconcentrations and attract more users. The United States verges on losing the war on drugs if current laws do not see change soon. The key to change is marijuana. A primary reason talk of marijuana makes people uncomfortable stems from their lack of knowledge on the subject. Marijuana comes from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa (DrugFacts: Marijuana). Under proper cultivation, this plant can grow up to eight feet tall (Thomson-Deveaux) Marijuana has the chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)Read MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1675 Words   |  7 Pagespeople oppose marijuana because it is a schedule I drug and they do not know much about it therefore it is scary to them. Schedule I drugs are drugs that have a high potential for abuse or have no current acceptable medical use. On that list of schedule I drugs are heroin, LSD, marijuana, MDMA or ecstasy, peyote, GHB, psilocybin, quaaludes, khat, and bath salts. There is one drug on that list that does not belong and it is marijuana. Marijuana is still on that list even though some states have alreadyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1565 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana Legaliz ation From mandatory crop to illegal drug, cannabis has gone from revered to criminal in the course of United States history. Its fall from grace has been an education in mass hysteria, propaganda, market manipulation and greed. Fortunately, for those suffering debilitating medical conditions and those that wish to enjoy its euphoric effects alike, it appears that the pendulum is swinging in the opposite direction. The close of the 2015 legislative session revealed a potential

Zoe’s Tale PART I Chapter Three Free Essays

â€Å"How do you like it here?† Jane asked me, as we were washing the dishes after dinner. â€Å"On Huckleberry, I mean.† â€Å"This is not the first time I’ve been asked that today,† I said, taking the plate she handed me and drying it. We will write a custom essay sample on Zoe’s Tale PART I Chapter Three or any similar topic only for you Order Now This got a slightly raised eyebrow from Mom. â€Å"General Rybicki asked you the question,† she said. â€Å"Yup,† I said. â€Å"And what did you tell him?† Jane asked. â€Å"I told him I liked it just fine,† I said. I put the dried plate into the cupboard and waited for the next one. Jane was holding on to it. â€Å"But do you?† she asked. I sighed, only slightly dramatically. â€Å"Okay, I give up,† I said. â€Å"What’s going on? Both you and Dad were like zombies at dinner tonight. I know you missed it, because you were wrapped up in your own heads, but I spent most of dinner trying to get either of you to talk more than a grunt. Babar was a better conversationalist than either of you.† â€Å"I’m sorry, Zoe,† Jane said. â€Å"You’re forgiven,† I said. â€Å"But I still want to know what’s going on.† I motioned to Jane’s hand, to remind her I was still waiting on that plate. She handed it over. â€Å"General Rybicki has asked your father and me to be the leaders of a new colony.† It was my turn to hold on to the plate. â€Å"A new colony.† â€Å"Yes,† Jane said. â€Å"As in, ‘on another planet’ new colony,† I said. â€Å"Yes,† said Jane. â€Å"Wow,† I said. â€Å"Yes,† Jane said. She knew how to get mileage out of a single word. â€Å"Why did he ask you?† I asked, and resumed drying. â€Å"No offense, Mom. But you’re a constable in a tiny little village. And Dad’s an ombudsman. It’s kind of a leap.† â€Å"None taken,† Jane said. â€Å"We had the same question. General Rybicki said that the military experience we had would cross over. John was a major and I was a lieutenant. And whatever other experience we need Rybicki believes we can pick up quickly, before we set foot on the new colony. As for why us, it’s because this isn’t a normal colony. The colonists aren’t from Earth, they’re from ten of the oldest planets in the Colonial Union. A colony of colonists. The first of its kind.† â€Å"And none of the planets contributing colonists want another planet to have a leadership role,† I ventured. Jane smiled. â€Å"That’s right,† she said. â€Å"We’re the compromise candidates. The least objectionable solution.† â€Å"Got it,† I said. â€Å"It’s nice to be sort of wanted.† We continued washing dishes in silence for a few minutes. â€Å"You didn’t answer my question,† Jane said, eventually. â€Å"Do you like it here? Do you want to stay on Huckleberry?† â€Å"I get a vote?† I asked. â€Å"Of course you do,† Jane said. â€Å"If we take this, it would mean leaving Huckleberry for at least a few standard years while we got the colony up and running. But realistically it would mean leaving here for good. It would mean all of us leaving here for good.† â€Å"If,† I said, a little surprised. â€Å"You didn’t say yes.† â€Å"It’s not the sort of decision you make in the middle of a sorghum field,† Jane said, and looked at me directly. â€Å"It’s not something we can just say yes to. It’s a complicated decision. We’ve been looking over the information all afternoon, seeing what the Colonial Union’s plans are for the colony. And then we have to think about our lives here. Mine, John’s and yours.† I grinned. â€Å"I have a life here?† I asked. This was meant as a joke. Jane squashed it. â€Å"Be serious, Zoe,† she said. The grin left my face. â€Å"We’ve been here for half of your life now. You have friends. You know this place. You have a future here, if you want it. You can have a life here. It’s not something to be lightly tossed aside.† She plunged her hands into the sink, searching under the soap suds for another dish. I looked at Jane; there was something in her voice. This wasn’t just about me. â€Å"You have a life here,† I said. â€Å"I do,† Jane said. â€Å"I like it here. I like our neighbors and our friends. I like being the constable. Our life here suits me.† She handed me the casserole dish she’d just cleaned. â€Å"Before we came here I spent all my life in the Special Forces. On ships. This is the first world I’ve actually lived on. It’s important to me.† â€Å"Then why is this a question?† I said. â€Å"If you don’t want to go, then we shouldn’t do it.† â€Å"I didn’t say I wouldn’t go,† Jane said. â€Å"I said I have a life here. It’s not the same thing. There are good reasons to do it. And it’s not just my decision to make.† I dried and put away the casserole dish. â€Å"What does Dad want?† I asked. â€Å"He hasn’t told me yet,† Mom said. â€Å"You know what that means,† I said. â€Å"Dad’s not subtle when there’s something he doesn’t want to do. If he’s taking his time to think about it, he probably wants to do it.† â€Å"I know,† Mom said. She was rinsing off the flatware. â€Å"He’s trying to find a way to tell me what he wants. It might help him if he knew what we wanted first.† â€Å"Okay,† I said. â€Å"This is why I asked you if you liked it here,† Jane said, again. I thought about it as I dried the kitchen counter. â€Å"I like it here,† I said, finally. â€Å"But I don’t know if I want to have a life here.† â€Å"Why not?† Jane asked. â€Å"There’s not much here here, is there?† I said. I waved toward the general direction of New Goa. â€Å"The selection of life choices here is limited. There’s farmer, farmer, store owner, and farmer. Maybe a government position like you and Dad.† â€Å"If we go to this new colony your choices are going to be the same,† Jane said. â€Å"First wave colonist life isn’t very romantic, Zoe. The focus is on survival, and preparing the new colony for the second wave of colonists. That means farmers and laborers. Outside of a few specialized roles that will already be filled, there’s not much call for anything else.† â€Å"Yes, but at least it would be somewhere new,† I said. â€Å"There we’d be building a new world. Here we’re just maintaining an old one. Be honest, Mom. It’s kind of slow around these parts. A big day for you is when someone gets into a fistfight. The highlight of Dad’s day is settling a dispute over a goat.† â€Å"There are worse things,† Jane said. â€Å"I’m not asking for open warfare,† I said. Another joke. And once again, another stomping from Mom. â€Å"It’ll be a brand-new colony world,† she said. â€Å"They’re the ones most at risk for attack, because they have the fewest people and the least amount of defense from the CDF. You know that as well as anyone.† I blinked, actually surprised. I did know it as well as anyone. When I was very young – before I was adopted by Jane and John – the planet I lived on (or above, since I was on a space station) was attacked. Omagh. Jane almost never brought it up, because she knew what it did to me to think about it. â€Å"You think that’s what’s going to happen here?† I asked. Jane must have sensed what was going on in my head. â€Å"No, I don’t,† she said. â€Å"This is an unusual colony. It’s a test colony in some ways. There will be political pressure for this colony to succeed. That means more and better defenses, among other things. I think we’ll be better defended than most colonies starting out.† â€Å"That’s good to know,† I said. â€Å"But an attack could still happen,† Jane said. â€Å"John and I fought together at Coral. It was one of the first planets humans settled, and it was still attacked. No colony is totally safe. There are other dangers, too. Colonies can get wiped out by local viruses or predators. Bad weather can kill crops. The colonists themselves could be unprepared. Colonizing – real colonizing, not what we’re doing here on Huckleberry – is hard, constant work. Some of the colonists could fail at it and take the rest of the colony with them. There could be bad leaders making bad decisions.† â€Å"I don’t think we’d have to worry about that last one,† I said. I was trying to lighten the mood. Jane didn’t take the bait. â€Å"I’m telling you this isn’t without risk,† she said. â€Å"It’s there. A lot of it. And if we do this, we go in with our eyes open to that risk.† This was Mom all over. Her sense of humor wasn’t as deprived as Hickory’s and Dickory’s – I can actually make her laugh. But it doesn’t stop her from being one of the most serious people I’ve ever met in my life. When she wants to get your attention about something she thinks is important, she’s going to get it. It’s a good quality to have, but right at the moment it was making me seriously uncomfortable. That was her plan, no doubt. â€Å"Mom, I know,† I said. â€Å"I know it has risks. I know that a lot of things could go wrong. I know it wouldn’t be easy.† I waited. â€Å"But,† Jane said, giving me the prompt she knew I was waiting for. â€Å"But if you and Dad were leading it, I think it’d be worth the risk,† I said. â€Å"Because I trust you. You wouldn’t take the job if you didn’t think you could handle it. And I know you wouldn’t put me at risk unnecessarily. If you two decided to do it, I would want to go. I would definitely want to go.† I was suddenly aware that while I was speaking, my hand had drifted to my chest, and was lightly touching the small pendant there: a jade elephant, given to me by Jane. I moved my hand from it, a little embarrassed. â€Å"And no matter what, starting a new colony wouldn’t be boring,† I said, to finish up, a little lamely. Mom smiled, unplugged the sink and dried her hands. Then she took a step over to me and kissed the top of my head; I was short enough, and she was tall enough, that it was a natural thing for her. â€Å"I’ll let your dad stew on it for a few more hours,† she said. â€Å"And then I’ll let him know where we stand.† â€Å"Thanks, Mom,† I said. â€Å"And sorry about dinner,† she said. â€Å"Your dad gets wrapped up in himself sometimes, and I get wrapped up in noticing he’s wrapped up in himself.† â€Å"I know,† I said. â€Å"You should just smack him and tell him to snap out of it.† â€Å"I’ll put that on the list for future reference,† Jane said. She gave me another quick peck and then stepped away. â€Å"Now go do your homework. We haven’t left the planet yet.† She walked out of the kitchen. How to cite Zoe’s Tale PART I Chapter Three, Essay examples

Sharecropping Essay Example For Students

Sharecropping Essay Sharecropping appeared in the Southeastern United States, including Appalachia, after the Civil War as a way to continue post-slavery white supremacy over African Americans, but it ultimately included poor whites as well. It was a way to avoid the now illegal possession of slaves while at the same time keeping workers for labor in a subordinate manner. Although former slaves and their descendants composed the majority of sharecroppers, the poor whites joined the blacks in their struggles against the landowners by the end of the sharecropping era. Sharecropping by definition is the working of a piece of land by a tenant in exchange for a portion, usually half, of the crops or the revenue that they bring in for the landowner. In return for the work on the land, the landowners supply the tenants and their families with living accommodations, seeds and fertilizer, tools, and food that can be bought in a commissary, charging fairly high interest rates to the tenants. These rates create an environment of debt and poverty that the sharecroppers have trouble escaping from. When they receive their portion of the money from the crops, the debts that they have procured comes out of their half of the money. Often this leaves the sharecropper with virtually nothing. Between the debt and the hard working conditions, a second form of slavery is created. It was not slavery with a person literally being owned but one of holding a person because they have no choice to go elsewhere. The landowners were the dominant persons in society while the workers were still on the lowest rung of the social ladder. Although we no longer have sharecropping today, many of the issues surrounding sharecropping still exist (racism, poverty amongst African American, etc.). We (Americans) continue to battle these problems and seek solutions but it seems that these problems arent something people in todays society want to face. It is much easier to pretend they dont exist. I might not see a resolution in my lifetime but is may become my childrens dilemma to solve. Bibliography:

Smoking habit among teenagers free essay sample

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter will discuss the research design, Research Respondents, Locale of the study, Research Instrument, Data gathering Procedure and Statistical data. RESEARCH DESIGN The researchers used the descriptive method in this study in order to discus and determine the causes and reasons of adolescence smoking habit, particularly in the students of PATTS College of Aeronautics. RESEARCH RESPONDENTS 50 Bachelor of Science in Aircraft maintenance Technology students in PATTS College of Aeronautics were purposively surveyed as respondent of the study to give necessary data and information. LOCALE OF THE STUDY The study was conducted in PATTS College of Aeronautics, Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology Section 1B as the selected respondent for the distribution of the questionnaires. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The instruments used by the researcher to this study were in form of survey questionnaire. The questionnaire is composed of the basic information of the respondents and the cause and effect of the selected topic EFFECTS OF SMOKING HABITS TO 2nd YR BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE TECHNOLOGY-1B DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE The survey questionnaires will be distributed to all the students and they will be given enough time to accomplish it. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking habit among teenagers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The data will be personally retrieved to ensure 100% retrieval. Analysis follows. Data Analysis Procedure STATISTICAL STATEMENT P= f/n x 100% This formula used to get percentage Where: n= population f= frequency P= percentage CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND STATUS CONCEPT OF THE RESEARCHER The concept of the researcher is to determine the cause and effect of the cigarette smoking to the students in PATTS College of Aeronautics. FOREIGN LITERATURE FOREIGN STUDY According to the Taiwanese researchers had further identified the reason why tobacco causes lung cancer and other smoking-related diseases and was made the cover story of the February issue of the world is leading biomedical journal, The Journal of Clinical Investigation. The study revealed the mechanism of how tobacco-specific carcinogen causes lung tumors. It showed that the key ingredient of tobacco carcinogen, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK), would induce the accumulation of a protein, DNA methyltranferase 1 (DNMT1), which inhibits the tumor suppressor genes, and lead to lung cancer. It also showed that the accumulation of DNMT1 in lung cancer patients who smoked continuously correlates with poor recovery. If lung cancer patients quit smoking, after two to four weeks, the level of DNMT1 would decrease and this would greatly increase the life span of the patients. Lung cancer patients who quit smoking outlived those who do not quit by eight-to-ten months. Also, in the future, doctors can extract lung cancer samples and test for the level of DNMT1. Lung cancer patients who have a low level of DNMT1 can avoid going through chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The research article was jointly written by researchers from National Cheng Kung University, National Taiwan Normal University, National Health Research Institute, National Yang-Ming University, China Medical University Hospital and National Taiwan University. LOCAL LITERATURE LOCAL STUDY CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION College is a stage of significant growth and potential but it is also considered to be a time of a great risk. A lot of college students are facing pressures to use alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs and to start sexual relationships, thereby putting themselves at high risk for international injuries and infection from sexual transmitted diseases. According to the World Health Report 1999 a considerable number of deaths would be prevented and tobacco related deaths would be halved if most of the adult smokers quit smoking over the next 20 years. People who begin smoking early have a greater risk of lung cancer compared to those who begin smoking at a later age as a result of the cumulative exposure. Tobacco is known to be the only legal consumer product that can cause harm to every one exposed to it and kills most of who use it as intend. The easiest way to stop the effect of tobacco is to prevent its initiation. The purpose of this study is identify factors contributing to adolescence smoking initiation and the aim of the thesis is to produce an evidence based information that will be published on PATTS College of Aeronautics. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Addiction may be described as continued uncontrollable use of a substance regardless of harmful consequences. Many smokers do not acknowledge that they are addicted to tobacco. Most people they can quit whenever they want to. Many youth are of the opinion that they have a lot of time to work on quitting. The first step in recovery is acknowledging that there is a problem. Addicted smokers experience a strong irresistible or uncontrolled desire to smoke. These irresistible desires to smoke can be aroused by smoking cues, abstinence and stressful situations in the environment. Cigarettes smokers been found to have lower level of lung function compared to non-smokers. The rate of lung growth can also be reduced by smoking. Smoking is known to affect the athletic capabilities of young people. Regular smoking may lead to coughs and worsen respiratory diseases among young people. Smoking causes damage to different parts of the body such as mouth, teeth, skins finger nails, and hair. Tobacco contains elements and compounds such as arsenic, carbon monoxide, nicotine and formaldehyde which may cause wrinkles, discoloration of skin complexion and yellowing of finger nails when they enter the bloodstream. Smoking costs the smokers in many ways and the cost of smoking goes beyond purchasing tobacco products. A smoker spends a considerable amount of money on medical bills, lost wages, higher insurance costs, and spends a lot of money on cosmetics and clothing. Tobacco use compromises the health of both smokers and non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke. Treating of tobacco-related diseases requires a number of medical services, such as hospital stays, physician services, other health practitioners’ services, prescription drugs, home care, and nursing home care. Health care in many advanced countries is catered for by private insurance and socialized health care systems whereas patients in many developing countries pay for medical care costs themselves. (Research for International Tobacco Control 2003, 21. ) STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The study attempts to answer the following question: What are the profile of the respondents in terms of: Sex; Age; What are the reasons why they are smoking? What are side effects of smoking cigarettes? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROBLEM The purpose of this study is to provide the people with a complete and balanced awareness about the effects of cigarettes smoking on their daily lives. Thus, the results of this study will benefits the students, and the people. This study is significant because it will provide the indispensible facts about the negative effects of cigarettes smoking to their health. PATTS College of Aeronautics will benefit this study, to be aware to the effects of cigarettes smoking to the health. SCOPE AND LIMITATION This study was conducted to determine the effects of cigarettes smoking to the health. The research study was only conducted on PATTS College of Aeronautics particularly on 2nd year Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology students. DEFINITION OF TERMS Smoking- is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco, is burned and the smoke is tasted or inhaled. This is primarily practised as a route of administration for recreational drug use, as combustion releases the active substances in drugs such as nicotine and makes them available for absorption through the lungs. It can also be done as a part of rituals, to induce trances and spiritual enlightenment. Addiction- is the continued repetition of behaviour despite adverse consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviours. DEDICATION The researcher would like to dedicate his dissertation work to every student out there. The everyday challenges encouraging us to strive harder, making us more tenacious. Without the constant problems the student faces, it would it would not have been possible. They have consistently help keep perspective on the research and focus in reality. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis wouldn’t be possible without the help and support various people who in one way or another have extended their hands and time in making this thesis a success. Therefore, the researcher would like to express his deepest and more gratitude to the following people: To my professor, Ms. Apao, for the lesson and knowledge she has taught them which are valuable to this thesis. To the staff and librarians of PATTS College of Aeronautics for the assistance and help in getting them the right reference for my thesis. To the 2nd year Bachelor in Science of Aircraft Maintenance Technology Students for taking the time to participate and answer to the researcher’s survey which is valuable to my thesis, thank you for your cooperation and patients. To their parents, thank you for your never ending support and encouragement. For the trust, patience, guidance and love. Above all, to god for giving them the wisdom, the strength and knowledge in exploring things; for the guidance and protection bestowed on them during the journey of this thesis and for giving them determination to surpass all trials that they have encountered.

World Press Freedom Day 2010 Essays

World Press Freedom Day 2010 Essays World Press Freedom Day 2010 Essay World Press Freedom Day 2010 Essay â€Å"The right to know is central for upholding other basic rights, for furthering transparency, justice and development. Hand-in-hand with the complementary notion of freedom of expression, it underpins democracy. We may not consciously exercise our right to know. But each time we pick up a newspaper, turn on the TV or radio news, or go on the Internet, the quality of what we see or hear depends on these media having access to accurate and up to date information†- Irina Bokova, Director-General, UNESCOThese are exactly the words that came to the UNESCO’s Director-General’s mouth upon giving her message to the world with regards to the celebration of World Press Freedom Day on May 3 of this year, 2010. As this celebration takes place, the emphasis on freedom of information as a fundamental part of the human rights of freedom of expression has been depicted clearly. With the global crisis about the freedom of self expression happening today, this celebration is p erfect for every country to contribute their own distinct conceptualizations as such. This paper will examine the ways on how the said celebration was celebrated by using the layer model. Depiction of an action made by a particular nation – Brazil, technological aftermath, and non-government organizations’ contribution in this issue will take place.Every nation bestowed their specific alertness with regards to this topic. But in Brazil’s case, this event is very significant as they go through a new phase of living. Just recently, their House of Representatives gave their approval to the General Law of Access Information (2009) which permits the public to have an access to all information concerning their nation. Apparently, this is fair enough as to give justice to Human Rights whereas each and every person is entitled to practice.Basically, this celebration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly as early as the year 1993 as a result of the 26th G eneral Conference of UNESCO in 1991. It was intended to celebrate the rights of every citizen to be completely and truthfully informed about everything about their country through press freedom. In this way, not only the press freedom is practiced, but also democracy across the country. Given all the crisis and circumstances around the globe today, it is very essential to be granted such right to know what is happening being a citizen of your own country.Furthermore, news doesn’t only come from televisions, radios or newspapers today. Due to the continuous development of the world, the newly developed technologies also became sources of important information. These gadgets are as useful and helpful as the other means of communication; it actually provided the easier way. In fact, networks have set numerous subscription programs through mobile phones and internet to access news the most convenient possible way. This development is one of the most beneficial developments made f or the world industrialization.In this light, technological trends are examined in the research conducted by Graziano and Vink (2006); this study discusses the telecommunications policy as it has been used in political science during the present time. For instance, modernization is constantly affecting the subject. During early times, these issues are discussed only during private conference, shown in televisions, heard in radio stations, or read from newspapers. But because technology continuously conquers modern life, people tend to prefer it instead of the old type of getting news, but there are still few who use the old one though. Another study related to the aforementioned is Fransman (2002); its aim was to show both the uses and shortcomings of changes in Telecommunications Industry. The use of this industry for press or human rights purposes in political context is included in the scope of the research. Given all the beneficial result of its use, there are also existing dile mmas emerging while enjoying it. A tendency would be not everything that is relayed through the telecommunications industry is true. In that case, confusion can be developed on the minds of people which will worsen the status of the press freedom. Most probably, citizens will need to observe and study first which sources will most likely be reliable in this issue. Further explanations are provided in the given researches as they use the layer principle that contributes to the betterment of the research.Moreover, not only telecommunications industry is being used for freedom purposes. One technological trend today that can be considered the widely used one is the internet. According to Solum and Chung (2003), the effect on the shape and content of legal regulation of global network of networks by the internet is widely seen ever since it was established. Consequently, internet uses among citizens who seek for information have been rapidly increasing. Not to mention that journalists a nd other legal topic writers consider posting of their informative articles on the web so that people will easily access it without certain restrictions. However, this research seeks to provide safety protocols on the use of the world-wide-web most especially for political science purposes.As a contribution for this celebration, ARTICLE 19 offices are acknowledging World Press Freedom Day and the Right to Information with numerous events around the world. It supports activities done by every country in celebration of the day because the organization believes that ‘The phrase â€Å"information is power† is just part of the story. The Right to information is an enabling and empowering right which has taken the world by storm over the past two decades, but it cannot be fully realized without the forth pillar of democracy: a free media.’ (ARTICLE 19, 2010, p. 1). With all these several actions made by different industries, organizations and citizens, the world will d efinitely attain press freedom. Despite all the crisis and trials that every nation is facing, this celebration clearly depicted that the world is up for the challenge.Reference listARTICLE 19. (2010). World Press Freedom Day: Free Media and Freedom of Information. London, United Kingdom: Free Word Centre.Forthcoming in Graziano, P. Vink, M. eds. (2006). Europeanization: New Research Agendas. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Fransman, M. (2002). Mapping the Evolving Telecoms Industry: The Uses and Shortcomings of the Layer Model. Published Dissertation, Institute for Japanese-European Technology Studies, University of Edinburgh, Old College South Bridge, EH8 9 YL Edinburgh, United Kingdom. (Elsevier Science Reproduction Service no. PII:S 0 3 0 8 5 9 6 1 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 2 7 – 7) Retrieved 9 May 2010, from Elsevier Science Ltd.General Law of Access to Information, PL. 5228, N/A., N/A. (2009)Solum, L. B. Chung, M. (2003). The Layers Principle: Internet Architecture and the Law. Published research, Public Law and Legal Theory Research, School of Law, University of San Diego, California. Retrieved 9 May 2010, Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection.

Diagram Common Financial Statements Research Paper

Diagram Common Financial Statements - Research Paper Example Organizing financial statements this way lessens the bias that can arise when analyzing companies of different sizes. It also permits for the analysis of a firm over various times, revealing, for instance, what percentage of the sales is the cost of goods sold and how that particular value has changed with time. For example, a common-size balance sheet will report all of the balance sheet amounts as a percentage of the "Total Assets" amount. If Cash was $80,000 and Total Assets were $1,000,000 then Cash will appear as 8% and Total Assets will appear as 100%. If the Current Assets were to be $3,500,000 they will seem to be 35%. If Current Liabilities were given as $1,800,000 then on the common-size statement show it as 18%. By having all of the balance sheet amounts as a percentage of Total Assets, you can compare your company's current asset percentage (and all other line items) to your industry's percentage or to any other company's percentages. It will not matter if the other firm was smaller or larger than your company, since all totals are in percentages of theTotal Assets. This brings the name "common-size." A common-size income statement will display all of the income statement sums as a percentage of net sales. ... Horizontal analysis is a process in fundamental analysis whereby an analyst associates line items or ratios in a company's fiscal statements over a given period of time. In this process, the analyst will use his preference when selecting a particular timeline; nevertheless, the choice is often centered on the investing time horizon under deliberation. In this scenario, when revenues increase by let’s say 10 percent this quarter, horizontal analysis must have been used. Horizontal analysis can be employed in any item that is in the company’s fiscals. This analysis is crucial in relating the performances of several companies (Bragg, 2007). Horizontal analysis is also used when converting the balance sheets and the available income statements the desired change statements. Horizontal analysis bears a resemblance to vertical analysis in the sense that it also converts financial statements balances into percentages. However, instead of computing financial statement amounts i nto percentages of the total assets, or gross sales, it converts the percentage changing income stamen balances and balance sheet numbers from a given period to the next one (Albrecht, 2009). Horizontal analysis can be carried out on ratios such as price earnings ratio, earning per share, dividend payout among others. This analysis can be performed in one of the below methods, that is, Percentage Comparison and Absolute Comparison. Absolute Comparison involves performing horizontal analysis in making comparisons in the the absolute currency aggregates of some pieces over the given period of time. For instance, cash in hand at the closure of an accounting period

Benefits of using pieces of crushed brick in the concrete Essay

Benefits of using pieces of crushed brick in the concrete - Essay Example Aggregates in the concrete make the concrete weather resistant through their design and composition. Brick can not be considered a suitable material for mixing in concrete if its weather resistance is declined. To increase the durability of concrete structures, Romans tried several materials in place of aggregates. Owing to the lower modulus of elasticity and higher tensile strength than stone aggregate concrete, brick aggregate concrete is considered a suitable option. Three different concrete mixtures were produced and tested in different conditions. The first sample group was made of 100% gravel, the second sample group contained 100% crushed bricks and the third sample group contained 50% bricks and 50% gravel. A total of 33 concrete cubes were cast, 11 from each group. The concrete cube samples were subjected to repeated cycles of the frosting and thawing process to simulate the real-world conditions. For each concrete mixture, 3 of the cubes were not frozen at all, 3 cubes unde rwent 10 freeze-thaw cycles and the last 3 cube samples were subjected to a maximum of 20 freeze-thaw cycles. The remaining 2 cubes were subjected to the oven temperatures to determine their porosity. Each concrete cube was tested for its compressive strength, and tensile strength. Brick concrete showed more compressive and tensile strength than ordinary concrete because of lower w/c ratio.

Grading and Recommendation Assessment Assignment

Grading and Recommendation Assessment - Assignment Example This could be measured through the utilization of trial and error process wherein the practice is tried and tested as to how much it could attest to the needed specifications of a particular need to which the evidence based practice has been basically made for. After the trial and error procedure, the weaknesses and the strengths of the process shall be identified. Likely, the strengths would depend on how the stakeholders responded to the program or the process applied through the use of the evidence-based practice. If the participants responded well with lesser level of error occurrences, then the practice tried and tested could be noted to have a strong implicative effect on the things that it is supposed to have direct changes on. Meanwhile, even though it has been proven strong, it should still be measured and identified with the possible weaknesses it has. Through this, the specification of the needed advancement could still be recognized as part of its possible improvement in the future. If these procedures are specifically carried on, it could be expected that the upcoming GRADE system could be well assured to have a better effect in approving or disapproving evidenced based practices that are used for the specific

Theoretical discussion of Nikes labor standards in foreign nations

Theoretical discussion of Nikes labor standards in foreign nations What labor standards regarding safety, working conditions, overtime, and the like, should Nike hold foreign factories to: those prevailing in that country or those prevailing in the United States? The unsuccessfully of labor standards which are child labor, hazardous working conditions, excessive working hours, and poor wages in developing countries are still the major problems. In order to increase company profits, Nike then reduces the cost by having the low labor wages paid. The multinational corporations such as Nike needs to developed code of conduct for their suppliers to make its unidirectional and correctly. The meaning of a code of conduct is the code that provides a guideline of ethical behaviors and values which company uses to follow when faced the problem in a day-to-day work (Locke, 2007). He also states that the code of conduct of Nike requires subcontractors to consider some basic labor, safety standards, and environmental and health. According to Kochan (2007), the codes of conduct do not protect the labor rights or improve working conditions but can limit legal liability and prevent the company reputation only. According to the case, Nike faced the problem of the low labor standards in foreign factories that are the subcontractors. Nike had become a sweatshop symbol of the evils of globalization. The definition of sweatshops is unsafe and unhealthy working conditions including low wages, long hours or work with no overtime pay, health or safety, and child labor (Banfe, 2001). The sweatshops will occur in the factories that have the problems of poor labor standards (Miller, 2006). For example, the company that pays the salaries less than minimum wages and forces employees to work overtime. The sweatshops and low labor standards are the important factors that can impact the economic development (Park-Poaps, 2009). According to Miller (2006), the sweatshops don ¿Ã‚ ½t help low educated workers in the developing countries from poverty due to the fact that people have less alternative choices in choosing a job. A big American company  ¿Ã‚ ½ Nike outsources the foreign factories to manufactu re their athlete shoes. This will caused the United States has the impact on unemployment rate (Greene, 2007). Due to the fact, huge labor markets are needed to satisfy the demand which increasing continuously (Schwartz, 2000). He also states that the requirement of the huge labor markets will cause the talent is become not important. According to Greene (2007), the salaries are set based on the productivity level. No company can pay a labor wage beyond the productivity level. The reason of poor labor standards in terms of minimum wages and hiring child labor caused Nike ¿Ã‚ ½s subcontractors to become a sweatshop. The setting of minimum wages should be cancel to deny the problems of the poor labor standards (Greene, 2007). The statistical analysis found that the anti-sweatshops campaign can increase the unskilled labor wages around twenty percent in the footwear factories (Miller, 2006). Regarding to safety, working conditions, overtime, Nike should hold the conditions with foreign factories which are Indonesia, Vietnam, and China. If Nike persists on prevailing conditions in the United States, there is unessential for Nike to look for outside countries manufacturers. According to Park-Poaps (2009), the research found that the foreign outsourcing firms have impact on the stakeholders and governance structure in terms of the public pressure. Nevertheless, through the pressure that Nike received from many groups of association, the company should find the solution to improve the working conditions or labor standards from the Nike ¿Ã‚ ½s foreign manufacturers. If Nike can enhance its labor standards, Nike will receive benefits from the public relations rather than putting more effort. In addition, Nike can reduce the cost of developing public relation strategies. According to Park-Poaps (2009) in the recent time, the American companies place importance on corporate pu blic relation in order to answer and perform the public response. The enhancement of labor standards in foreign factories could make Nike has good company ¿Ã‚ ½s reputation. To avoid the problems of the sweatshops, the improvement of education and a living wage should be done by the government in each country (Greene, 2007). Moreover, the viable systems of labor conditions should be control and restrict by non-governmental association such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (Park-Poaps, 2009). Nike has got a high public pressure from the problem of sweatshop in the foreign subcontractor companies. Therefore, Nike should response to the public by creating the ethical labor management strategies which respect to human rights and also public relation management strategies based on the moral practice (Park-Poaps, 2009). Nike can also establish the codes of ethics in the corporate culture. According to Kantor (2002), the codes of ethic can produce a good effect on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The company that does the corporate social responsibility can create the company reputation in the positive way. Nike should put more effort in decision making when doing business internationally by having the ethical standards in human resource management in supplying company. According to Park-Poaps (2009) the ethical standards of the company can refer to the role of top management that can impact on the company reputations. The managers should present their higher standards as role models to employee in the way they should behave (Kantor, 2002). If Nike practices the better ethical labor standards, the company will receive good corporate image. Moreover, Nike should hold the foreign subcontractors to those prevailing in the United States by having the possible standards in term of working conditions and overtime that protect the basic rights of employees. In the production period, the productivity limitation within a day should not exceed employee strength and also should not hurt the worker ¿Ã‚ ½s health (Schwartz, 2007). Regarding to the Nike case, the company could not meet the satisfaction of stakeholder which is the employees. The problem of employees seems to be the influential concern rather than other stakeholders. According to Schwartz (2000), a good company needs to meet the satisfaction of its stakeholders which are customers, shareholders, and employees. He also argued that if the employees lose their jobs, it is the company mistake. The emphasis of stakeholders especially in employees caused the company has more cost adding (Greene, 2007). He also states that many companies try to avoid the cost of labor by changing the ways in doing business. For example, the automated check-out counter in supermarkets and teller bank machines has been found in the developing world. The cost saving is become a major concern at the present time when the economic problems occur. In addition, the technology changing is also the possible factor to reduce the number of workers. Therefore, the change in technol ogy and the cost saving could be the cause of the unemployment in developed countries such as the United States. These factors lead the big company  ¿Ã‚ ½ Nike needs to use the outsourcing manufacturers in foreign countries to produce their products. According to Locke (2007), the ways Nike response to the public pressure are that all suppliers need to sign the code of conduct and post within the factories. In the code of conduct, it provides the training and the staff to control all of suppliers. In addition, Nike has approximately one thousand mangers working in those foreign factories to responsible for training Nike ¿Ã‚ ½s code of conduct and labor practices. Locke also argued that the new approval process of Nike is the three different types of audit which are a basic environmental, safety and health audit, and a more in-depth management and working conditions audit. However, the codes of conduct of Nike seem to be unsuccessful in some countries which the problems of poor wages and inordinate work hours or harassment (Locke, 2007). Hence, Nike should continue to check and evaluate the foreign subcontractor firms. In another way, Nike can use the trusty auditor firms to inspect the accuracy within those manufacturers. In conclusion, the sweatshops are the major problem of Nike in doing business with foreign subcontractors to manufacturer their products. To eliminate the sweatshops, the related associations or government in those developing countries should come to look after and inspect Nike ¿Ã‚ ½s subcontractors. The needed of the huge labor markets in the real world can create the obstacle in the working conditions such as a low wages paid, no overtime pay, long-time working, and child labor. On the other hand, the education and a living wage are also important factors that need to concern in order to solve the problem of unskilled workers in developing countries. Moreover, Nike should hold the foreign factories to those prevailing in subcontractor countries  ¿Ã‚ ½ Vietnam, Indonesia, and China. To improve the labor standards regarding safety, working conditions, overtime, Nike should practice the ethical standards by concern on the human right and basic needs of employees. The managers shou ld act as the role model on the ethical behavior to make the employees to follow the codes of ethic. In addition, the codes of conduct are important for the Nike foreign manufacturers to follow and practice in the correctly way. If Nike ¿Ã‚ ½s foreign subcontractors can improve the labor standards and working conditions by using the codes of conduct and the codes of ethic, Nike will get the benefit from the public relation in term of company reputation and also avoid public pressure.

Euthanasia :: essays papers

Euthanasia In today's society there are many disagreements about the rights and wrongs of euthanasia. Although death is unavoidable for human beings, suffering before death is unbearable not only for terminal patients but for the family members and friends. Euthanasia comes from the Greek word "Thanatos" meaning death and the prefix "eu" meaning easy or good (Russell 94). Thus, "eu- Thanatos" meaning easy or good death. Euthanasia is a better choice for terminal patients than suicide. In our society, suicide is always traumatic for families and friends. If there is no alternative to relieve the suffering of terminal patients, then the more humane option to suicide is euthanasia. An option for people that are unsure of euthanasia is called DNR or do not resuscitate(McCuen 2). This means that if the patient has a heart attack or another potentially fatal problem in the hospital, the doctors are told to preform a " No Code" which means that they should let the patient die peacefully with any amount of painkillers or medication requested by the patient(McCuen 3). Doctors that are treating a dying patient should treat them with care. They should make them as comfortable as possible and give them medication to dull their pain. Instructors tell doctors in training to treat dying patients as people " that are alive but just that their death is more imminent than our own"(Moroney 2). Many families could rest easy that their relative is being treated well and are receiving the necessary attention. A lot of terminal patients decide to sign DNR forms or request euthanasia so that they would not be a burden on their families. Euthanasia should be legalized in all of the United States because it would end much suffering and pain. Euthanasia is the justified killing or assisted killing of a disabled or terminally ill person at their will or if the patient is incapable of making the decision, at the family's will(Satris 260). The doctor or in some cases, a family member, uses injections, weapons, or other means of killing to act out euthanasia. But euthanasia is usually gentle and quiet. In most of the cases of euthanasia, the patient died by lethal injection or certain life support systems were withheld.

Relection in Nursing Essay

The purpose of this paper is to outline the issues of gender inequality on society as a whole, these effects are prominent in different segments or fields of the society, such as in working places, homes, education sector and as much as we can think of. Could these inequalities be the reason why women are unlikely to get the same wages/salaries as men? Historically, the domination of men in policymaking, leaderships, and most sectors of the society have been steady. Thus, the resulting segregation of men and women is not exactly surprising. Gender inequality is what causes segregation between men and women; it’s also a highly contested segment in the area of sociology, even though there is a milder occurrence of situations having to do with gender inequality now compared to early days. Its occurrence cannot be over emphasized. Difference in culture, environment, and the social era at the present moment can affect how humans perceive gender inequality? And how it affects them n egatively or positively? When we talk about gender inequality, most times our minds are driven towards the fact that men are considered higher than women in all ramifications; this is part of what brings about the inequality. Hence, this brings about patriarchy construct; ‘’which refers to social conditions being thought of or structured in a way that favors men and boys over women and girls’’ Gender inequalities are not biological but socially constructed. Theoretical approach such as the feminist theory broadens our knowledge about gender inequality.somewhat, Gender inequality has some relationship with homosexuality because its all about the perception, not just the sexuality; in cases where a person with the male gender but happens to be gay, in some areas of the society he is somehow treated as that of a female even though he is originally of the male gender, just because he has a sexuality of the female and acts in such a manner as of a woman i.e. dress codes, gestures ,relationships wife other people, the gay person is therefore treated with almost the same rank of inequality as of a woman. Examples of such cases can be seen in schools for example; a teenage boy in high s chool and has a gay sexuality is not exactly considered to be someone with a ‘high reputation’ in the school settings, he could be often bullied or made to feel so less of himself, this could explain the reason why most men with gay sexuality have more conversant interactions with women than they do with men, thus, even if he is of a male gender just because he portrays acts of a woman in his sexuality he is often treated equally as a woman, but these are only in some sections of the society. Also, in religion there is a strong connection between religion and patriarchy or religion and gender as the case might be, the question ‘Does God favor males?’ arises Christianity has it that women should always be submissive to men because a woman was made out of the ribs of a man meaning that she is under him. ‘A man is the e image and glory of God; but women is the glory of man.for man was not made from woman neither was man created for woman, but woman for man’’ (1 Corinthians 14:33-35) also in the Qur’an it is said that ‘’Men are in charge of woman hence good women are obedient’’ (Qur’an). It is no debate that women are seldom leaders of priestess in churches or congregation, it has been a battle in the last 5o years and it is only in recent times that women are being ordained as pastors and some form of leader. An instance can be seen when dealing with content analysis; which refers to as the ‘â₠¬â„¢studying of sets of cultural rules, artifacts or events by systematically counting them (to show which ones dominate) and interpret the themes they reflect’’ feminist approaches to content analysis attempts to expose pervasive patriarchal (male -dominated) and misogynist (women-hating). Elaine Hall, in her article ‘one week for women? The structure of inclusion of gender issues in introductory textbooks (1988), she demonstrated how women’s issues are treated as an afterthought in introductory-level texts, while Judith Dilorio, in a paper presented in the 1980, used content analysis to examine scholarity articles on gender role research and found out that their methods naturalized (made natural or normal seeming) social facts that diminished women and promoted male-oriented conservatism (as analyzed in Reinharz 1992:147,361). Today, different categories of feminism and gender roles are being cultivated to promote women. According to the introduction to sociology textbook ‘’Feminism liberalism acknowledges contributions of women in public realm of work place and examines whether women receive fair pay for the work they do. Kachuk explains ‘identifies women as a class entitled to rights as women’ (kachuk 2003:81). Liberal feminism helps women to be able to receive benefits not available to other women, basically it concentrates on making women equal to men in terms of employment opportunities and salary. Feminist essentialism is another gender theory which focuses of the thinking strategy foe men and women and argues for equity or female superiority in that difference, this involves social norms that are more or less natural to them, therefore the idea to this is the that morality is negatively valued in a patriarchal society, feminist essentialism speaks constructively about the potential for women’s differences from men to be positively valued. Feminist socialist according to Kaxhuk, have revise their Marxism so as to account for gender, something Marx ignored, they want sexuality and gender relations included in the analyses of the society, and finally postmodernist feminism which takes the strongest social constructionist positions, it refers to women more as subjects than as objects of sociological study, allowimg perspective of the women studied to guide their research, this can be viewed from the stand point theory. Gerda Lerner talked about patriarchal values, she defines it as ’’simply the assumption that the fact of biological sex differences implies a God-given or at least a ‘’natural’’ separation of human activities by sex, and further assumption that this leads to a ‘’natural’’ dominance of male over female.’’ This definition can be seen in many social categories such as the wage gap, pay equity, occupational segregation and many more. Feminists have also laid the impression that in a patriarchal society, men are treated as normal, while women are treated in what is considered as inherently deviant, example of such term could be viewed in the case of the witch hunts waged in Europe and later on, in colonial America from about the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. Those who were identified as witches were tried and, if found guilty, executed. This for several reasons makes the witches an intriguing case for the sociological study of deviance Also, through structural functionalism effects of gender inequality can be viewed. Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) talked about how people are products of societies and environment, ones behavior is way beyond what they posses in characteristics or traits, and there are social facts that take control over an individual. In his book suicide (1897) one of the things that was mentioned were how suicide could be achieved due to ones weakness in connection to the society. This theory could be an explanation as to how women are most likely considered as the weak gender compared to men, due to the way are they are reduced by the society. In socialization, feminist organizations have come up with some Attaining gender balance among managers, editors, and reviewers: This journal focuses on the gender pay gap in certain occupation, it was found that women being placed in lower pay-grade positions is responsible for the pay gap. Also brown talks about ‘’the perception that an academic career in the scientific field will not result in a permanent job for up to seven years after a bachelor’s degree. Many women consider this an obstacle to their plans to start a family, and are concerned that they will only just be getting a foot on the career ladder when they are considering having children. The irony is, research and editorial work is actually far more flexible than many other professions, meaning that women could more easily balance the demands of a family with those of their career.’’ In the Article: THE EFFECT OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION WITHIN FAMILY OF ORIGIN ON THE PERCEPTION OF GENDER INEQUALITY, ATTITUDES TOWARDS GENDER ROLES AND THE TENDENCY TO DISCRIMINATE BASED ON GENDER. T he effect inequality in gender and gender discrimination was studied in this article, it was found that individuals who passed through some kind of ender discrimination in the society, family or origin would face some sort of injustice and would be emotionally sensitive as the grown up. According to this article ‘’ A national representative sample of 1363 participants reported on their experiences of gender discrimination within their family of origin, their perception of gender inequality in Croatian society, attitudes towards gender roles, hostile sexism, their tendency to discriminate based on gender, and their willingness to engage in affirmative actions aimed to reduce gender inequality in Croatian society. Results show that 50% of women and one third of men were exposed to some form of unequal treatment in their family, both by their mothers and fathers.’’ This shows that gender inequality goes a long way. Another article titled Culture and gender inequality: Psychological consequences of perceiving gender inequality. It was said that different cultures and societies have different beliefs and reactions to how gender inequality should be justified. According to this article ‘’research investigated these differences and their psychological consequences using cross-cultural comparisons. The results show that Hong Kong Chinese women saw gender inequality as less unjust (Study 1) and less unfair (Study 2) and valued gender equality less (Study 2) than European American women did. Gender inequality caused anger (Study 1) and predicted reduced life satisfaction (Study 2) more among European American women than among Hong Kong Chinese women’’ In conclusion, the precious rights of women have been denied and violated, which has causes more harm than good in their lives and society, as it goes from generations to generations there seems to be a trend in the causes and effects of gender inequality, these are such as discrimination, segregation. feminism and patriarchy they show up in some kind of way when dealing with gender inequality. Apparently there are psychological, emotional and physical effect built on victims of gender inequality. Such as torture, threats, bully and so much more. It is imperative to put both genders into consideration and understand the essentiality of both sexes roles power fame and money should be acquired and deserved, if the male gender proves to be deserving whatever role, they should acquire it, also, if the female gender proves to be deserving to a particular role or acquisition due to hard work or some kind of technical skill, they should be given the opportunity to role. Just as the situation seems to get milder as times past, it could be assumed that in another century to come gender inequality might not be of a great sociological problem. Perhaps, there could be an increase in the number of women who are in the political sector or in the decision-making segments BIBLIOGRAPHY: Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Evolution.† California State University, Northridge. Web. 02 Mar. 2012. . Steckley, guy Kirby letts.2010.Elements of sociology. oxford: oxford university press. Zoe Kinias, Heejung S. Kim, group processes & intergroup relations, â€Å"Gender Inequality.† – Term Papers. Web. 04 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"Shelley Correll.† Stanford Sociology Professor, Director Clayman Institute Gender Study. Web. 04 Apr. 2012. http://sociology.stanford.edu/people/shelleycorrell/shelleycorrell.html . Revija za socijalnu politiku [1330-2965] KAMENOV, Ã… ½ELJKA yr: 2011 vol: 18 iss: 2 PG: 195

Admission to Physical Therapy Graduate Program

In all aspects of my life, perhaps the most significant inspiration that has shaped my life becoming the person I am today and gave me direction is experience itself who has taught me well. I had a tough childhood with my parents and my first marriage was unsuccessful.However, the outcome made me a stronger, more responsible and compassionate individual developing a heart for others in need. My loving and forgiving grandmother imparted to me values that have served as my guiding principles through the years. I always give my best in everything I do no matter how insignificant that may be.I believe in the saying do unto others as you would have them do unto you because true happiness to me is caring for others. This is the very reason why I worked so hard to complete my education by all means despite many obstacles so that I could be of great service to many when I finished my graduate program.Pursuing my college education was quite a struggle. I have to joggle raising two boys and st udies as well as financial resources. As a stay-home mother, I took initiatives to continue schooling whether on-line or on-site at Mountain State University and Chattahoochee Technical College maintaining very high marks. Due to lack of funds, I stopped during the fall of 2005 until April 2006.With much dedication, I moved on with my studies in May 2006. I thought then that it was impossible but I did it because I was determined, committed and focused. Currently, I am senior at Charter Oak State College finishing my undergraduate studies with a 3.90 GPA at the same time doing my required 80-hour observation.Besides my family, realizing my education would be my other great accomplishment more so when I graduate from this program. I am motivated to undertake this study because I believe that this is a good foundation to sharpen not only my intellectual purpose but my capabilities that will propel me to more achievements in life and a career in physical therapy.Ever since growing up I have uncovered my desire to help others probably because I have an outgoing personality. When I started college, I wanted to be psychologist. However, I have a neck problem that needed to be addressed through physical therapy. During my treatment, I just fell in love with whole process and like what I saw. The therapist was truly concerned about my pain and tried to make me strong and healthy again. There were these exercise equipment that help the patients strengthen their weak areas.Fitness and health are part of me. I play golf once a week at the same time goes fishing, horseback riding and hiking. I joined the Country Music Marathon last April with a time of four hours and three minutes, which landed me at the top 7% overall and top 3% in the women’s. I feel that I am a healthy person and could promote the benefits of nutrition and exercise to a lot of people. There is a shortage of physical therapist. I believe I would make a great therapist.While searching for a gradua te school that would meet my goals, I was excited to find the holistic approach of Alabama State University in Montgomery to physical therapy. I have devoted my undergraduate studies to prepare for this so that I can finally practice what I have learned. By adopting the tools and methods the university will provide, I can correctly interpret the theories and practices of physical therapy that are both insightful and sound.After graduation, I intend to pursue this career either in government or private to support my family and help those in need of physical rehabilitation making sure they get the necessary care and attention. When I gained enough knowledge and experience, I plan to set up my own therapy sessions at home during my free time to serve nearby patients.Though school may be over, I will still continue educating myself through research on-line to further expand my knowledge. I really enjoy what I do because I want to be a good example to my children and hopefully give them better education. All the hardships are nothing if you love your family.ReferenceAlabama State University, Montgomery. (2006). Physical Therapy. Heath Sciences. Retrieve August 15, 2006, from http://www.alasu.edu/Health_Sciences/default.aspx?id=16

Airport Expansion Is Important For Scotland Tourism Essays

Airport Expansion Is Important For Scotland Tourism Essays Airport Expansion Is Important For Scotland Tourism Essay Airport Expansion Is Important For Scotland Tourism Essay Aviation plays an of import portion of modern society. It provides the capableness for international concern to work efficaciously. It allows people from different parts of the universe to remain in touch and it serves the touristry industry. Tourism is critical for many states and without inexpensive, dependable conveyance, the benefits from this industry would be impossible to gain. However, air power has faced a figure of consecutive challenges in the last few old ages. For an industry straight using more than 29 million people, this is a concern ( Hanlon, 2007 ) . The figure of people going has declined due to increased security concerns, the worsening province of the international economic system, increased frights over emanations, increased fuel costs and a really competitory market runing on the bounds of viability. Additionally, events such as the recent break such as those caused by the Icelandic volcanic ash eruption and industrial action in some air hoses have provided extra challenges. In the period 2008-2009, the Association of European Airlines ( AEA ) saw a bead of 2 million riders ( AEA, 2009 ) . Worse still, the chief autumn has been for premium flights. This accounts for 30-45 per centum of rider gross. This has been caused by the impact of the economic crisis and the increasing competition from alternate methods such as teleconference, which is maturating as a feasible engineering. Despite this, air power still provides the best solution for travel transcending 1,500 kilometers and with tenancy transcending 75 % for such flights, there is no feasible option. This is despite the concerns raised from air power pollution, which contributes 2-3 % of human C emanations. The air power industry has no alternate but to alter to run into the new challenges. The three analysed in this study are ; emanation control, cut downing operating costs and increasing air power efficiency for the expected growing in air travel expected in the long term. Without run intoing these challenges, single operators and the viability of the industry as a whole are under menace. Fuel histories for typically 15 and 25 % per centum of a typical air hose s costs. However, it can be every bit high as 40 % due to local revenue enhancement ( Hanlon, 2007 ) . Fluctuations in the monetary value of oil to a great extent influence profitableness in air power, because ticket monetary values are non linked to fuel costs in the short term. One possible method of cut downing this consequence is the hunt for alternate fuels. Potential options include bio-derived fuels, such as fuels based on vegetable oil, and man-made fuels derived from coal or natural gas ( NASA, 2006 ) . However, air power fuel performs a figure of coincident undertakings other than to feed the engines. These include being used for aircraft trim and as chilling systems. They besides need to run into rigorous marks for viscousness, weight and anti-inflammatory prosodies in the instance of accidents. This complicates the design of alternate fuels. Cost decrease may be achieved by carry throughing the dema nds of other users with less rigorous demands, therefore cut downing overall demand and hence monetary value. However, this attack does non run into the demand for lower emanation marks. Man-made fuels can bring forth lower emanations in flight but bring forth more C dioxide during fabrication. New engineerings that can seclude the generated the C during industry will nevertheless take to lower emanations during the whole fuel rhythm ( NASA, 2008 ) . This attack offers the possibility of C impersonal fuel within the following 50 old ages, but at present, there is still a demand to blend the man-made fuel with air power fuel to at least better the state of affairs in the short term. Depending on the cost of bring forthing this mix of fuel, it offers possible for cut downing emanations and cut downing fuel costs. Emission control is of import for air power to run into its C emanation demands. Aviation has now been included in the carbon trade understanding, and every decrease counts. Decrease of costs in all countries is besides indispensable for air hoses that face stiff competition and besides have expensive fleets to keep while maintaining ticket monetary values competitory. Other countries besides require continual monitoring for cost-cutting chances. These scope from doing understandings with other air hoses, teaming them or accumulating with them right through to bettering turnaround clip and cut downing care costs ( Doganis, 2006 ) . This has to be done within the purely regulated uninterrupted airworthiness government. While strategic issues are directed by senior direction within individual administrations, decrease of care costs involves committedness from a figure of stakeholders in the industry. These include MROs ( Maintenance and Repair Organisations ) , airport governments and aircraft interior decorators. Aircraft interior decorators are working to plan new aircraft that require less care and can pass more clip in the air being productive. Airport governments have a alone place. Each airdrome is in its ain location, which means competition is slightly limited. However, airdromes such as Gatwick, Heathrow, London City, Stansted and Luton all serve London traffic and therefore are in competition with each other to some extent. In other parts of the universe, there is competition between airdromes near metropoliss and those farther afield. The pricing scheme for landing fees and other services is of import to keep fight. Low-cost air hoses accept airdromes further off from their finish in return for lower landing fees. Prestige air hoses prefer closer airdromes and accept higher fees. MROs have likely the greatest function in the potency for cost decrease. MROs and other land services have in general been slower to react to competition than air hoses ( Delfman et al, 2005 ) . However, they besides offer a major chance to cut down air power costs by increased efficiency, improved quality and sourcing of competitory constituents. All air hoses can profit from this, but low-priced air hoses are peculiarly interested. Since these are working to border-line concern programs, every penny counts. MROs can potentially cut down costs by unifying with other MROs, which would cut down disposal costs and supply higher purchasing power through volume. This would necessitate staff to be conformable to alter working patterns and greater flexibleness. They may for illustration demand to accept the demand to work at different airdromes for a clip. Investing in new engineering to streamline care of aircraft, such as machine-controlled creative activity of care certification and res ource direction are besides of import ( Demais, 2007 ) . There are many new package systems available to ease this. The hereafter of air power requires betterments in emanation control, cost decrease and efficiency to stay competitory while still functioning the demands of society. This will necessitate proficient betterments in fuel and aircraft design, optimizing care every bit good as strategic determinations associating to air hose amalgamations and acquisitions. In order to be genuinely effectual, this efficiency thrust has to be endemic in all parts of the air power industry. Regulators, aircraft interior decorators, air hoses, airdrome governments and MROs all have their portion to play. This study has discussed some of these issues ; nevertheless, this issue is the topic of intense analysis throughout the industry and likely to stay so for many old ages to come. The monetary value of failure to run into these new challenges will be of hurt to the full industry. As a instance survey to exemplify how these planetary issues affect single locations, the state of affairs in Scotland was considered. Aviation accounts for 15 % of Scotland s C emanations ( WWF, 2008 ) . Equally good as functioning traditional tourer and concern demands, Scots air power besides fulfils other demands such as postal services to remote Scots islands. Additionally, there is a whole market dedicated to the North Sea oil concern. The demand to command emanations has been recognised by the Scots Government ( OPSI, 2010 ) . Initiatives on this forepart are better addressed by industry-wide action and single airdromes have trouble in run intoing the demands themselves. Airport enlargement is of import for Scotland, and Edinburgh airdrome has been seeking to spread out. However, troubles have been encountered. The chief job is due to next landholders, including the Royal Highland Agricultural Society of Scotland ( RHASS ) . Costss associated with traveling the RHASS have been established at A ; lb ; 350 million ( Holidays Extra, 2008 ) . However, other developments have gone in front, with A ; lb ; 40 million being spent to better the airdrome installations ( BAA Edinburgh, 2009 ) . This has non been without resistance, as a group called SESA ( Stop Expansion at Scottish Airports ) has been set up to seek and forestall development at Edinburgh, Glasgow and Prestwick among others ( Plane Stupid, 2010 ) . Along with other UK airdromes, Scotland has been severely affected by the Icelandic ash cloud, the hapless economic state of affairs and industrial action by BA staff. However, Scots airdromes have some extra resiliency to downswings because they are comparatively distant, offering fewer alternate conveyance methods to the remainder of the UK and farther abroad. Linkss between Edinburgh, Glasgow and London are really of import, with many people populating in Scotland and transposing to occupations in London. Air travel is their lone option to go on to make this. Additionally, about 1/3 of the money in the metropolis is really based in Edinburgh, doing it one of the most of import fiscal Centres in the universe. Even with fiscal downswings, travel between the two capitals remains indispensable. These grounds make Scots air power slightly more robust than other countries. Expansion of airdromes is nevertheless hard to accomplish because many of the airdromes are located in countries w here the force per unit area on land is high and there is active resistance. This could be a confining factor that may forestall Scots airdromes from accomplishing the possible benefits that could be made from betterments. Scots skies have somewhat less force per unit area on them than in the South of England, but non much because the state is comparatively little. Improvements in air traffic control would be good and there is possible for airdromes such as Edinburgh, Glasgow and Prestwick to move as hubs to the US. However, at present airdromes in Holland and France execute this function. For Scots air power to develop, BAA needs to get the better of opposition to enlargement and besides needs to guarantee the industry meets environmental criterions.

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Research paper - Essay Example Thus, this paper considers supporting and opposing arguments, arguing against the perception painted by the media that the sports are too dangerous. Introduction The phrase, ‘extreme sport,’ refers to a collection of activities traditionally associated with risk taking. They mostly involves dangerous elements like severe weather, high speeds and high altitudes, therefore making them highly risky sports, particularly when judgment or equipment fail (Burke and Orlick 42; Clemmit 304). The mental and physical demands in these sports are high. Jay (6) categorizes these sports into three based on the place of action. Speed is the major goal in extreme land sports. Extreme air sports have its participants fly, leaping off a high building or bridge. Extreme water sports involve speed, balance or nature exploration. These are all risky sports and should be tried only with proper equipments and training and under supervision. Examples of these sports include high altitude climbin g, skating, motor-cross and martial arts among others. Extreme sports have become popular all over the world because of entertainment industries, corporate sponsors and mass communication. According to Mickle, over the past two decades, the sport has grown exponentially, outdoing other sporting activity. Many organizations use these sports to sell their products because the sports attract mass audience. Another reason is because they want customers to associate their products with the power exhibited in extreme sports. For example, snowboarders are about 18.5 million in the world, with 75% of America’s population of these snowboarders being made up of young people below the age of 24 (Clemmit 300). This popularity could be interpreted to show that the sport is not as dangerous as the public has been made to perceive it or that many people are at risk of the involved dangers. It is therefore important to consider arguments on either side to make an informed conclusion. Argumen ts for Extreme Sports being too dangerous Referring to these sports as extreme indicates their potential; any small mistake could highly lead to death, hence considered as too dangerous. First, they are barbaric and deadly. Clemmit (299) gives the example of mixed martial arts, MMA, where combatants use deadly moves which are kickboxing, sumo and jujitsu among others. It is out of such techniques that the author gives the example of Dean Lewis, a Canadian teenager who was injured badly in the ring because of an upkick to the nose, an illegal technique in MMA. In fact, the American and British medical associations does not approve of ultimate fighting because they risk physically and permanently harming participants. Their advocacy for states to ban such sports has seen states such as New York consider illegalizing such extreme sports (Profato 313). The risk of death extends from competitors in such sports to third parties, including the referees and audience. Even if participants pr epare themselves well, unforeseen risks such as slippery surfaces could easily lead to fatal accidents. Therefore, even the most competent sportspersons face the risk of death from extreme sports. Damage to property has been another reason for argument against extreme sports by its opponents. Property stand to be destroyed in case of an accident in these sports because most of them happen in public, multi-use spaces (Clemmit 310). Motor-cross sports have been cited

Eng 121 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Eng 121 - Essay Example It stimulates too certain physical reactions such as fading of facial appearance, widening of eyes and mouth opening, drying of mouth, raising of eyebrows, quickening of heart rates, increasing of blood pressure, tightening of muscles, redirecting of senses , erecting of skin hairs , nervous responses including shaking of hands etc. One has many fears - fear of death, fear of small creatures and animals like spiders, snakes, lion, tigers etc., heights, water including swimming, mountains, plane riding, driving, violence, the list is endless. Swimming is feared for drowning which may cause much fatal and can take away the life even. Some specific fear occurs as a result of learning in one’s life like, if a child falls in a well or pond and finds very difficult to come out then the child would remain afraid of water until his / her life. Fear sometimes becomes a part of human nature through natural selections like fear from animals, heights, clouds, etc. This human nature fear is also known as preparedness. Some fears occur through historical and cultural influences. Fear from universal truth like fear of death. Fear can be described in degree from mild to extreme and relates with variety of emotional states like anxiety. worry, terror, horror, panic attacks etc. which change the normal behavior. During childhood parents often find very difficult to consol their children that there is actual no fear despite it becomes a part of the life of the child. Childhood fear can have a negative effect on the growth of the child and may sometimes create problems in his / her life. Like other natural fears more peopl e are either fear from swimming or afraid of water. It is natural phenomena that water individual. It is highly recommended to share the fear with others who may not just help the victim in return but can benefit them too. There are many ways or approaches to deal fear:

Why should we make Alcohol illegal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why should we make Alcohol illegal - Essay Example Alcohol blocks different messages of the brain and proper messages reception is not possible in this scenario. The perceptions, movement, control, hearing and the excessive use of alcohol affects the vision of a person. People usually become addictive to alcohol because when they take it into small amounts then at times they feel more relaxed and less anxious. However, if you consume alcohol in excessive amounts then it might result in intoxication. There are different people who slur when they speak, they losses their coordination and this is all because of alcohol. All these alcohol consumers are confused and disoriented in their lives. The effects of intoxication in certain conditions are slow and people become very angry and aggressive at times. The alcohol is associated as one of the deadliest drugs of the planet because of the fact that it links the phenomenon of slow poisoning. The negative effects of alcohol can be identified by the fact that if alcohol is consumed in greater quantities than a person might die because of alcohol poisoning. People might also engage in violent vomiting and because of it, death might occur. Despite all these problems that are associated with the consumption of alcohol, there are different people and even teenagers who consume alcohol in the form of beers, whiskeys, rum, etc. Organizations that own alcohol oriented products market these products extensively uses adventurous themes to market the products. Ultimately, when people consume these products they affected by that.

Educational orientation Essay Example for Free

Educational orientation Essay According to the journal for American association for counseling and development (2008) and Zweigenhaff and Domhoff (2003) the African Americans value very much education and are ready to make sacrifices to achieve the education qualifications. Though they have that desire and willingness to have a good education background they are faced with a number of challenges that affect their performance in school. According to Rovai et al (2007) African American students as compared to the other students have lower performance standards and this is raising concern because this area has not been given much consideration to determine what could be the actual reasons behind their low grades. Lincoln et al (1990) and Henderson and Sumler (1999) discusses some of the reasons why these students do not perform well as others as to include difficulties to integrate and accept the various people from different cultural backgrounds they encounter in school and where they live. The hip hop culture is also said to contribute to the low grades because more of this students have indulged themselves in weird lifestyles that cannot allow them to have enough time with their studies. As argued in Cross (2005) and Wayne (2005) most of the African American students come from average family background and when they go to school with the white American they are seen by the fellow white students as being inferior which psychologically will affect them in their education as they find that they are discriminated. This creates a gap between them that and limits the way they will associate with the others and their presence in the school is threatened. The other reasons for their low grade as discussed in smiley (2006) include the poverty that they live in that makes them struggle to meet their basic needs and making them lose enough concentration to the education and even at times dropping out of school to try life elsewhere. The other reasons according to Obiakor (2002) and Ashe (2002) leading to low academic performance among the African Americans include the way they select the schools that they go to which might have low standards, having different curriculums that may not cover all the necessary topics and choosing areas of study that they are not competent in and also some of the teaching staff may not be giving them support because they tend to display behavior that show no much concern to their education. How to address the problem. Ogbu (2003) and Wright et al (2001) suggests that the teachers and the schools have a responsibility to encourage and support all the students they have under their care to perform well. He also argues that this will be done by helping the students to change the various negative attitudes they have towards their teachers, other students and the education materials like books. Obiakor et al (2002) suggests that the learning environment needs to be made conducive for all the students so that nobody feels threatened by the other because it will help the students settle in their education. As argued by Allen et al (1998) and Wayne (2005) the parents and guardians are encouraged to give moral support to the students and they should encourage them to develop interest in the religion as it offers psychological support. References A. P. Rovai, Louis B. Gallien, Helen R. Stiff (2007): Closing the African American achievement gap in higher education. National association for college admission counseling. Retrievedonline http://www. nacacnet. org/PUBLICATIONSRESOURCES/BOOKREVIEWS Alex B. Henderson, Janice Sumler (1999). Freedom’s odyssey Clark Atlanta university press. Allen K, Stelzer, P Wielkiewicz, M (1998). The ecology of leadership: adapting to challenges of a changing world. The journal of leadership. Bertram D. Ashe (2002). From within the frame. Routledge publishers Charles E. Lincoln, Lawrence H. Mamiya (1990). The black church in the African American experience. Duke university press. Cross T. (2005). The persisting racial gap in college student graduation rates. The journal of higher education. Festus E. Obiakor, Bridgie Alexis ford (2002). Creating successful learning environments for African American learners with exceptionalities. Corwin press Faye Z. Belgrave, KevinW. Allison (2005). African American psychology. Sage publishers. .J. Hale (2001). Learning while black. JHU publishers. Journal of counseling and development by American association for counseling and development vol 79 2008. Ogbu J (2003). Black American students in an affluent suburb: a study of academic disengagement. Lawrence Erlbaum publishers New Jersey. Tavis Smiley (2006): The covenant with black America. Third world press. W. Wayne (2005). African Americans and the color line in Ohio. Ohio university press. R. Zweigenhaft, G. Domhoff (2003). Blacks in the white elite. Rowman and Littlefield. Richard Wright, A. Chapman, Malcolm (2001). Black voices. Signet classic publishers

The Importance Of Interpersonal Communication Cultural Studies Essay

The Importance Of Interpersonal Communication Cultural Studies Essay Taking this class has really opened up my eyes on just how important communication skills really are whether it be verbal communication or non-verbal communication. In this paper I am going to focus on the interpersonal relationships. I think for me this was the most helpful for me with everything I have learned on communication. With writing this paper I understand interpersonal communication a little more than I did before. Everyone should be made to take a class so they actually understand communication and a way to just not have and I dont care attitude. Today many people still lack the ability to communicate effectively with in interpersonal relationships. It is through cooperation and collaboration that effective communication occurs. By analyzing and studying the communication process we can improve our ability to communicate effectively between one another. To have a successful interpersonal relationship one must first interact with others in an informal setting, which is called interpersonal communication (Hybels pg.156). Recognizing emotions in other is a very important first step to building a relationship. If you cant feel what someone else is feeling then you cant connect with them on a personal level and that can hinder your relationship process. Interpersonal communication is important because of the functions it achieves. Whenever we engage in communication with another person, we seek to gain information about them. We also give off information through a wide variety of verbal and non-verbal cues. Verbal communication has huge effects on many aspects of life, including interpersonal relationships. Speaking and telling our needs and wants verbally or non-verbally is a necessity for daily life. Verbal communication is organized by language; non-verbal communication is not. Most of us spend about 75 percent of our waking hours communicating our knowledge, thoughts, and ideas to others. However, most of us fail to realize that a great deal of our communication is of a non-verbal form as opposed to the oral and written forms. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions, and positioning within groups. It may also include the way we wear our clothes or the silence that we keep. In person-to-person communications our messages are sent on two levels simultaneously. If the nonverbal cues and the spoken message are incongruous, the flow of communication is hindered. Right or wrong, the receiver of the communication tends to base the intentions of the sender on the non-verbal cues one receives. Before a person makes an attempt to form an interpersonal relationship they must decide what attracts them to that person. There are many factors that make up attraction to others. Physical attraction, perceived gain, similarities, differences, and proximity are some of them (Hybels, 2007). Most people are first attracted to others because of the way they look. Some people might have distinct characteristics that one might be attracted to such as; blues eyes, short hair, or even a small space between their teeth. If a person is not attracted to your appearance they are not likely to come up and carry on a conversation with you. For example, if an individual, who dislikes tattoos, is taking a class and has to choose a partner for a project, but there are only two people left and one of them has tattoos he or she will mostly likely choose the individual without tattoos, even if the person with tattoos is a very intelligent individual. There are many cases where we are attracted to someone because of the perceived gain associated them for example, one might become friends with an employee at a restaurant in hope of having discounted meal when they eat there. The similarities and differences are a major factor in determining if the relationship will be right for you. Often we find ourselves attracted to people that share the same beliefs, values, and religion. Most people are also attracted to people who enjoy the same activities as they do. Contrary to the similarities people may also be attracted to the differences. For example, person who doesnt like making decisions might be attracted to a strong decision maker. Because these characteristics complement each other, they might help strengthen the relationship (Hybels, 2007 pg161). Proximity is a valuable factor also when it comes to evaluating the pros and cons of a relationship. Proximity is the close contact that occurs when people share an experience such as at work, school, or play (Hybels, 2007 pg161).If a person does not want to have a long distance romantic relationship and their partner moves away to attend college in another state, then it is most likely that the relationship will not last. Moving on to the next steps of forming an interpersonal relationship would be our motives for communicating. We are motivated to form relationships for many different reasons such as, pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, control and health (Hybels, 2007 pg162-163). If an individual is motivated by pleasure he or she might just want someone to go to the movies or discuss politics with. Maybe we might be motivated by affection; many people are looking for someone to give them attention; a pat on the back or a little kiss every now and then. Many marriages end in divorce because of the lack of affection from their partner, but if they could have communicated effectively to each other that they needed more affection the relationship might not have ended. But no matter what might motivate us, once we have started developing a relationship we have to decide how much of our selves we want to disclose to the relationship and at what point in the relationship. Self- disclosure is a process in which one person tells another person something he or she would not reveal to just anyone (Hybels, 2007 pg168). Self-disclosure is not simply providing information to another person. Instead, scholars define self-disclosure as sharing information with others that they would not normally know or discover. Self-disclosure involves risk and vulnerability on the part of the person sharing the information. Self-disclosure performs many functions. It is also a way of gaining information about another person. We want to be able to predict the thoughts and actions of people we know. Self-disclosure is one way to learn about how another person thinks and feels. Once one person engages in self-disclosure, it is implied that the other person will also disclose personal information. Mutual disclosure deepens trust in the relationships and helps both people understand each other more. You also feel better about yourself and your relationship when the other person accepts what you tell them. While self disclosure can strengthen a relationship it can also damage it. A relationship can be damaged if the person you are pouring your soul out to do not like what they are hearing or if self-disclosure comes too early in a relationship it can be damaged. Thus, while self-disclosure is useful, it can also be damaging to a relationship. There are five different stages that we progress through while deve loping and strengthening our relationships, these are the coming together stages. No matter what type of relationship it is; romantic, platonic, or same gender relationship each kind still goes through each stages. The first stage is the initiating stage. The initiating stage is characterized by nervousness, caution, a bit of hesitation, and risk of being rejected (Hybels, 2007 pg186). Although one might proceed with caution, this stage can be very joyful experience and the outcomes can be great. Most people leave this stage with a new friend. The next stage is the experimenting stage. In this stage people make an effort to seek out common interest and experiences (Hybels, 2007 pg186). One might express a love for children and hopes of being a parent one day. This would be an important topic to discuss for a romantic relationship; each person needs to be aware of what the future might hold for them if they continue with the relationship. When experimenting with each other by discussing important topics and seeing the reactions of other, one can make a valid decision based on their knowledge of the other person to continue the relationship to the next stage. The intensifying stage is the third s tage that we go through. Self-disclosure becomes more common in the intensifying stage. The relationship becomes less formal and statements are made about the level of commitment each has to the relationship. In this stage individuals might have nick names for one another or inside jokes. A statement about attending a vacation next summer in France is an example of the commitment one might have for the relationship. But while self-disclosure becomes more common and makes the relationship stronger it can also make the participants vulnerable to each other. The integrating stage is the fourth stage. This is the point where personalities are beginning to merge; people are expecting to see them together (Hybels, 2007 pg187). The individuals become a pair. They begin to do things together and, importantly, others come to see them as a pair. A shared relational identity also starts to form in this stage. By the end of this stage individuals should know how to communicate and responds with ease and understanding of the other persons feelings. The final stage of coming together is the bonding stage. At this point, the participants make some sort of commitment that announces their relationship to those around them (Hybels, 2007 pg 188). Two girls friends might say they are now best friends to announce their comment to their relationship or a couple might announce they are getting married or buying a house together. This stage involves a lot of commitment and dedication to the relationship and to each other. In all of the stages discussed we all have decision to make. We can either progress forward to the next stage, stay in the same stage we are in, move back a stage or exit the relationship all together. No matter what we as individuals choose to do we need to know how to communicate effectively to that next stage and we need to know how to handle conflict or resolve conflict in our relationships. We can do this by conflict resolution, which is negotiating to find a solution to the conflict (Hybels, 2007 pg202). Depending on how a conflict is resolved it can produce a positive or negative result. For example if two sisters are fight over a dress to wear on the weekend, they have two choices: one wear the dress and the other one does not, which leaves one sister unhappy (negative outcome) or neither of them wear it, so both are satisfied and neither of them are jealous of the other (positive outcome). It also helps to take a positive approach to conflict resolution, where discussion is considerate and non-confrontational, and the heart of the matter is on issues rather than on individuals. If this is done, then as long as people listen carefully and explore facts, issues and possible solutions properly, conflict can often be resolved effectively. In conclusion, communication is the key to everyday life. You have to communicate on a daily basis so why not learn some skills that are going to help you communicate more effectively so you are understood instead of misunderstood. Your body language is also an important key, you need to show that you have good body language and you can gain more positive friends and more people will be willing to walk up to you and talk. Everything now a day is based on how you present yourself to someone you meet.